Guide to the entire process of cloth photovoltaics, one article to understand

Distributed photovoltaic power generation projects refer to photovoltaic power generation facilities that are constructed and operated at or near the user’s site, with the main feature being self use by the user side, and excess electricity being balanced and regulated in the distribution network system.
The main types include household photovoltaics and industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaics. Household photovoltaics refer to natural person distributed photovoltaics projects built by owners with a total installed capacity of 30 kilowatts or less. Industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaics refer to backup distributed photovoltaics projects that are developed on-site, utilized nearby, and have a single point grid connected installed capacity of less than 6 megawatts (excluding household photovoltaics).

Owners of distributed photovoltaic projects should actively fulfill their social responsibilities, consciously obey the overall layout of distributed photovoltaic development, prioritize orderly development and construction in areas with open capacity, and consciously obey the unified dispatch of the power grid. Development and construction should comply with the overall plan of the city and be coordinated with surrounding buildings (landscapes), taking into account factors such as environmental meteorological conditions, building conditions, transportation and construction conditions, etc., to meet the requirements of safety, reliability, economic applicability, environmental protection and beauty, convenient construction, and easy system operation, maintenance and inspection.

Distributed photovoltaic power generation should be consumed locally and balanced locally, avoiding long-distance and cross regional power transmission, and coordinating with the development of power grid construction and the growth of electricity load in the development area. Photovoltaic development enterprises should focus on power investment, and power grid enterprises should do a good job in grid connection engineering construction and consumption, avoid duplicate construction, avoid the chaotic situation of multiple power supply entities in the same power supply area, maintain power supply order, and ensure power grid safety.

Distributed photovoltaic power generation projects constructed using building roofs and ancillary sites can choose one of the following modes: “fully self use”, “self use, surplus electricity connected to the grid”, or “fully connected to the grid”.
Owners of household photovoltaic power generation projects can directly register with the power grid enterprise using their ID cards, and the power grid enterprise will centrally report to the filing management department for proxy filing
Owners of industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic power generation projects use their business license to file with the filing management department.

The energy regulatory department at the city or county level shall complete the filing review and inform the submitting unit of the review opinions within 15 working days from the date of accepting the project filing application. When the cumulative scale of the applied project exceeds the annual guidance scale of the region, the local energy regulatory department shall issue a notice to stop accepting the project filing application.

According to the “Measures for the Supervision of Enterprise Investment Projects During and After the Event”, if the project has not started construction or completed any other procedures within 2 years after the self filing of the project, the project unit shall provide an explanation through an online platform if it decides to continue implementing the project; If it is no longer implemented, the registered information should be withdrawn. If no corresponding action is taken after being reminded, the filing authority shall remove the filing information that has been publicly disclosed, and the filing certificate obtained by the project unit shall automatically become invalid.

The power generation entity that chooses the “all self use” mode should use all of its power generation for its own purposes and should not supply power to the public grid or transfer power to other power consuming entities without authorization. The power generation entity that chooses the “fully connected to the grid” mode should supply all of its power generation to the public grid and should not transfer power to other power consuming entities without authorization; The electricity generated by the power generation entity that chooses the “self use and surplus electricity grid connection” mode must be fully supplied to the public grid to meet its own electricity consumption, and it is not allowed to transfer power to other electricity consuming entities without authorization.

When the registered subject of household photovoltaic (natural person) is the electricity user, choose one of the modes of “fully self use”, “fully connected to the grid”, “self use and surplus electricity connected to the grid”; When the filing entity is an investment entity (non electricity consuming entity), it shall be handled by a non natural person and the full online access mode shall be selected.
It is strictly prohibited for non electricity consuming investment entities to illegally register under the name of household (natural person), defraud subsidies, and evade taxes.

When the registration subject of industrial and commercial (non natural person) distributed photovoltaics is the electricity user, one of the modes of “full self use”, “full grid connection”, “self use and surplus grid connection” can be selected; when the registration subject is the investment subject (non electricity user), the “full grid connection” mode can be selected. The investment of electricity consuming entities is restricted, and they can engage in energy cooperation with professional individuals, enterprises, professional energy institutions, etc., sign energy agreements, and choose one of the modes of “full self use”, “full grid connection”, “spontaneous self use”, and “surplus grid connection” with the electricity consuming entity as the filing entity.

During the acceptance of distributed photovoltaic grid connection projects, the installed capacity of photovoltaic modules will be verified and confirmed on-site to ensure consistency with the grid connection application and filing capacity. Photovoltaic construction enterprises must strictly follow the recorded capacity for construction, and those exceeding the recorded capacity will be considered as unauthorized capacity expansion.

Management departments at all levels and project management units are not allowed to change the main items of the project filing documents on their own, including the investment subject, construction location, project scale, operation mode, etc. When it is necessary to make changes, the filing department shall handle the relevant change business at the affiliated power grid enterprise with the change materials after following the procedures.

Projects that choose the “self use and surplus electricity grid connection” mode are allowed to apply for a change to the “full grid connection” mode when the electricity load is significantly reduced (including disappearing) or the power supply and consumption relationship cannot be fulfilled. The project unit must apply for a change to the local record management department and sign a new grid connection agreement and power purchase and sale contract with the power grid enterprise.

For projects that choose the “fully connected to the grid” mode, it is supported to apply for a change to the “self use, surplus electricity connected to the grid” mode. The project unit needs to apply for re filing with the local filing management department and sign a new grid connection agreement and power purchase and sale contract with the power grid enterprise.

After the project owner’s project registration is approved by the registration management department (household photovoltaics are registered by the power grid enterprise), they go to the power grid enterprise to apply for grid connection. The power grid enterprise conducts on-site investigation, formulates and responds to the access system plan, reviews design documents, accepts grid connection acceptance and commissioning applications, conducts grid connection acceptance and commissioning, installs energy metering devices, and signs power generation and consumption contracts. After meeting the grid connection conditions, the power grid enterprise organizes grid connection.

Household (natural person) photovoltaic applications require the following documents: original and photocopy of the applicant’s ID card; Supporting documents for the legality of projects such as property ownership certificates (or housing use certificates issued by township and higher-level governments).
For the construction of distributed photovoltaics in public areas of residential communities, approval from the property management, owners’ committee, or residents’ committee is required; If entrusting others to handle business, the original and photocopy of the agent’s ID card and the authorization letter must also be provided.

Materials required for industrial and commercial (non natural person) photovoltaic applications: original and photocopy of the applicant’s ID card; supporting documents for the legality of the enterprise legal person’s business license, land certificate, and other projects; Materials required for the preliminary work and access system design of power generation projects (with multiple grid connection points of 380/220 volts and 10 kV and above): Approval from the government investment authority for the preliminary work of the project (approval of the project is required); User grid related information (only applicable to large industrial customers).
Renting someone else’s rooftop for power generation also requires providing a building and facility usage or rental agreement; If entrusting someone else to handle the business, the original and photocopy of the agent’s ID card and the authorization letter must also be provided

Project owners can submit grid connection applications through offline and online channels. When the acceptance personnel accept the grid connection application, they should actively provide grid connection consulting services to the customer, fulfill the obligation of “one-time notification”, accept and inspect the customer’s grid connection application materials, and only accept them after passing the review. For those on-site that meet the grid connection conditions after investigation, they should reply to the grid connection plan within the prescribed time and initiate the proxy filing work (only for natural person owned rooftop photovoltaics); For those that do not comply with the power planning layout, do not meet the conditions for safe operation of the power grid, or do not comply with the corresponding regulations, no access plan will be issued.

The power of attorney issued by the owner shall be provided for entrusting others to handle the photovoltaic installation business. The power of attorney shall specify the name, ID card number and contact information of the agent. The power of attorney shall include a description of the agent’s true intention to act as the agent of the project owner. The project owner shall bear all legal liabilities arising from the authenticity of the information provided for installation has been confirmed by the project owner.

For distributed photovoltaic power generation projects with a voltage level of 380 (220) volts at the public connection point, all power grid enterprises adopt typical access scheme templates to develop and respond to access schemes. The access plan for distributed photovoltaic power generation projects with a voltage level of 10 kV or above at the public connection point shall be reviewed by the power grid enterprise and a final review opinion shall be issued.

For a single grid connection point, the voltage level of distributed photovoltaic access should be determined based on the principles of safety, flexibility, and economy, according to the installed capacity, wire current carrying capacity, acceptable capacity of upper level transformers and lines, distribution network situation in the region, and planning of surrounding distributed power sources. After comprehensive comparison, low voltage level access should be given priority. The reference standard is as follows: 8 kilowatts and below can be connected to 220 volts; 8 kW to 400 kW can be connected to 380 volts; 400 kW to 6 MW can be connected to 10 kV; More than 6 megawatts can be connected to 35 kilovolts. The final grid connected voltage level should be determined through technical and economic comparison and demonstration based on the grid conditions.

When connecting distributed photovoltaic projects, the property owners of the lines and transformers should conduct relevant line thermal stability and transformer bearing capacity checks to avoid reverse overloading of the lines and transformers; When the carrying capacity verification of the line and transformer fails, the owner of the photovoltaic project should take measures such as reducing the distributed photovoltaic access capacity or increasing the grid connected voltage level. Power supply enterprises should carry out grid upgrading and renovation in a timely manner in conjunction with planning, in order to maximize the demand for large-scale development and access of distributed photovoltaics.

Distributed photovoltaics should clearly define the measurement points for grid connected electricity and electricity consumption. In principle, the energy metering point should be located at the property boundary between distributed photovoltaics and the power grid, which shall be determined in accordance with relevant national regulations. If it is not suitable to install energy metering devices directly at the boundary of property rights, the gateway metering point should be determined through consultation between distributed photovoltaic owners and power grid enterprises. Distributed photovoltaics with self use and surplus electricity connected to the grid should have metering points set up at the property boundary, as well as at the power generation side grid connection point and the electricity consumption point.

The distributed photovoltaic power generation project on the user side is connected, and the public power grid renovation caused by the connection project is invested and constructed by the power grid enterprise.
The renovation of the public power grid caused by distributed photovoltaic power generation projects directly connected to the public power grid shall be invested and constructed by the power grid enterprise in principle, and the internal connection engineering of the project shall be invested and constructed by the project owner in accordance with relevant national regulations.
For new energy grid connection projects that are difficult for power grid enterprises to construct or have mismatched planning timelines, both parties should agree or the local government should explicitly allow project owners to invest in construction.